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NEW QUESTION # 115
Which one of the following might be detected as a source of CCI during a post-validation survey in the 5 GHz band?
- A. Other ERP networks
- B. Other HR/DSSS networks
- C. Other OFDM networks
- D. Microwave ovens
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 116
What is a radome?
- A. The unit used to measure the signal reflected backward by the end of a cable.
- B. A type of semi-circular ceiling found in atriums and that is a heavy cause of RF reflection.
- C. A weatherproof piece of plastic covering an antenna or antenna system.
- D. A piece of metal positioned behind APs mounted on outdoor poles, designed to limit the butterfly effect.
Answer: C
Explanation:
A radome (a portmanteau of "radar" and "dome") is a structural, weatherproof enclosure that protects a radar or antenna system. Constructed from materials transparent to radio waves, such as fiberglass, radomes shield antennas from environmental elements like wind, rain, and debris without interfering with signal transmission.
They are commonly used in outdoor wireless deployments to ensure the longevity and performance of antenna systems.
Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on Infrastructure Design
NEW QUESTION # 117
In 802.11, clients are required to be calibrated for RSSI and SNR reporting to:
- A. No specific value
- B. Within +/#1 dB
- C. Within +/#3 dB
- D. Within +/#0.5 dB
- E. Within +/#5 dB
- F. Within +/#0.25 dB
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 118
In an RSN requiring low-latency reassociations and no fast secure roaming protocols, what security solutions are ideal for protecting VoWiFi communication?(Choose all that apply.) Response:
- A. WPA2-Enterprise
- B. 802.1X/EAP
- C. WPA2-Personal
- D. WPA-Personal
- E. WEP
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
WPA2-Personal and WPA2-Enterprise are ideal security solutions for protecting VoWiFi communication in an RSN requiring low-latency reassociations and no fast secure roaming protocols. WPA2-Personal uses a pre- shared key (PSK) to authenticate and encrypt the communication between the VoWiFi device and the access point. WPA2-Enterprise uses 802.1X/EAP to authenticate the VoWiFi device and the RADIUS server, and then derives a unique encryption key for each session. Both WPA2-Personal and WPA2-Enterprise use AES- CCMP as the encryption algorithm, which provides strong security and low overhead. WPA2-Personal and WPA2-Enterprise also support key caching and pre-authentication mechanisms, which reduce the latency and disruption during reassociations. These features are essential for maintaining the quality of service and user experience for VoWiFi communication.
WPA-Personal, WEP, and 802.1X/EAP are not ideal security solutions for protecting VoWiFi communication in an RSN requiring low-latency reassociations and no fast secure roaming protocols. WPA-Personal uses TKIP as the encryption algorithm, which is less secure and more computationally intensive than AES-CCMP.
WPA-Personal also does not support key caching and pre-authentication mechanisms, which increase the latency and disruption during reassociations. WEP is an outdated and insecure encryption algorithm that can be easily cracked by attackers. WEP also does not support any authentication or key management mechanisms, which expose the VoWiFi communication to various attacks. 802.1X/EAP is an authentication framework, not a security solution. 802.1X/EAP alone does not provide any encryption or key management for the VoWiFi communication. 802.1X/EAP must be combined with a robust encryption algorithm, such as AES-CCMP, to provide adequate security for VoWiFi communication. References: CWNP, CWDP Certified Wireless Design Professional Official Study Guide, Security Considerations for Voice over Wi-Fi (VoWiFi) Systems, Top 13 VoIP Security Issues and How to Combat Them
NEW QUESTION # 119
When using a predictive design tool, you have selected APs with an antenna gain of 3 dBi and set the transmit power of the predicted APs to 25 mW. What should be the EIRP of the APs in the design?
- A. 17 dBm
- B. 11 dBm
- C. 125 mW
- D. 6.25 mW
Answer: A
Explanation:
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is calculated by adding the transmit power (in dBm) to the antenna gain (in dBi).
Transmit power: 25 mW = 14 dBm
Antenna gain: 3 dBi
EIRP = 14 dBm + 3 dBi = 17 dBm
The CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide provides guidance on calculating EIRP to ensure compliance with regulatory limits and optimal network performance:
"EIRP is the sum of the transmitter output power and the antenna gain, accounting for any losses. Accurate EIRP calculations are essential for regulatory compliance and effective wireless design." Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on Wireless Design Process
NEW QUESTION # 120
If radar has reportedly been detected on your WLAN deployment, what bands would you consider avoiding?
Response:
- A. 5 GHz UNII-2 and 3
- B. 5 GHz UNII-2 and 2e
- C. 5 GHz UNII-2, 2e, and 3
- D. 5 GHz UNII-1, 2, and 3
- E. 5 GHz UNII-1 and 2
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 121
If the amplifier in Question 4 has a noise figure of 10 dB but a gain of 0 dB, what is the total noise figure of the cable, amplifier, and filter in series?
- A. 16 dB
- B. 10 dB
- C. 70 dB
- D. 75 dB
Answer: B
Explanation:
When calculating the total noise figure of cascaded components, Friis' formula is used:
F_total = F1 + (F2 - 1)/G1 + (F3 - 1)/(G1 × G2) + ...
Where:
F_totalis the total noise factor (linear, not in dB).
F1, F2, ...are the noise factors of the individual stages.
G1, G2, ...are the gains of the preceding stages (linear, not in dB).
In this scenario, the amplifier has a gain of 0 dB, which corresponds to a linear gain of 1. A noise figure of 10 dB corresponds to a noise factor of 10. Assuming the cable and filter have negligible noise contributions or are passive components with minimal loss, their impact on the total noise figure is minimal.
Applying Friis' formula:
F_total = 10 + (1 - 1)/1 = 10
Converting back to dB:
NF_total = 10 × log10(10) = 10 dB
Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on ProtocolandSpectrum Analysis
NEW QUESTION # 122
To ensure that your design meets the requirements of the WLAN, what should be defined in your WLAN design software that will result in different requirements at varying locations on the floor plan1?
- A. Requirement areas
- B. Heatmap colors
- C. Project name
- D. Cable runs
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 123
When designing a new WLAN infrastructure you also need to be aware of now the network is physically deployed and now the network is logically configured What are two documents that are helpful In this case?
- A. Bill of Materials and Blueprints
- B. Blueprints and Network Closet Locations
- C. Hold Harmless and Network Diagrams
- D. Network Diagrams and Network Closet Locations
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 124
During a validation site survey, you realize that the installers mounted some of the APs above the ceiling.
They said that this was a request from the building architect due to aesthetics constraints. During the requirements gathering, you weren't advised about any aesthetics constraints from the main stakeholder of the project. What should you do in this case?
- A. Increase the output power on all APs by 6 dB immediately.
- B. Remove all external antennas and use only the internal antennas to reduce multipath.
- C. Leave it as it is and allow automatic channel management to correct any issues.
- D. Advise the stakeholder that WLAN performance requirements will not be met and a new design process will be needed to meet the requirements.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
Mounting APs above the ceiling can significantly degrade WLAN performance due to signal attenuation and unpredictable RF propagation.If aesthetic constraints were not communicated during the requirements gathering phase, the design likely does not account for the additional attenuation caused by ceiling materials.
Therefore, it's essential to inform the stakeholder that the current deployment does not meet performance requirements and that a redesign is necessary to address the unforeseen constraints.Pass4Success Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on Post-Design ValidationandTroubleshooting
NEW QUESTION # 125
The thermal noise is at -174 dBm/Hz. A spectrum analyzer has a resolution bandwidth of 1 kHz and a 5 dB noise figure. What is the level of the noise floor?
Response:
- A. -139 dBm
- B. -204 dBm
- C. -174 dBm
- D. -144 dBm
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 126
What document should be created that provides instructions for install technicians to mount and configure APs?
- A. Hold Harmless
- B. Statement of Work
- C. Physical installation guide
- D. Bill of Materials
Answer: C
Explanation:
A Physical Installation Guide is a critical document that provides detailed instructions for installation technicians on how to mount and configure Access Points (APs).It ensures that the deployment aligns with the design specifications and helps maintain consistency and quality across the installation process.
The CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide states:
"Create, distribute, and communicate design documentation - Physical Installation Guide." Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on Wireless Design Process
NEW QUESTION # 127
Which document provides detailed instructions for installation technicians on how to properly mount and configure access points (APs)?
- A. Hold Harmless
- B. Statement of Work
- C. Physical installation guide
- D. Bill of Materials
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Physical Installation Guide is a document that offers step-by-step instructions for technicians on mounting and configuring access points. It includes details such as mounting locations, orientation, cabling requirements, and configuration settings. This guide ensures that APs are installed consistently and according to the design specifications, which is crucial for optimal network performance. Unlike the Statement of Work or Bill of Materials, which outline project scope and equipment lists respectively, the Physical Installation Guide focuses specifically on the practical aspects of AP deployment.
Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on Wireless Design Process
NEW QUESTION # 128
A North American business traveler connects to a hotel's 2.4 GHz SSID in Europe and notices low RSSI from an AP in the room, but experiences no issues with RSSI in the lobby. What is the most likely reason for the low RSSI in the room?
- A. The AP in the room is using Bluetooth instead of Wi-Fi
- B. The switchport that the AP is connected to is only capable of transmitting at 10 Mbps
- C. The AP in the room is using ZigBee instead of Wi-Fi
- D. The AP in the room is transmitting on channel 13 and the traveler associated to an AP on channels 1 through 11 in the lobby
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 129
What term refers to the security practice of obfuscating actual data from unintended receivers as the data crosses the transmission medium?
- A. Integrity
- B. Confidentiality
- C. Nonrepudiation
- D. Accounting
- E. Authentication
Answer: B
Explanation:
Confidentiality is a core principle of information security that involves keeping data hidden or inaccessible from unauthorized users. In the context of WLANs, confidentiality is maintained through encryption protocols such as WPA2/WPA3, which ensure that even if a data transmission is intercepted, its contents remain unreadable to unintended receivers.
From the CWDP-305 Study Guide, confidentiality is defined as:
"The protection of transmitted data from unauthorized disclosure. This is typically accomplished through encryption methods that obscure the original content, ensuring that intercepted packets cannot be deciphered by unintended recipients." Other security terms like authentication (verifying identity), integrity (ensuring data is not altered), and nonrepudiation (assurance of origin) are also important but pertain to different aspects of data protection.
- Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on Wireless Design Process
NEW QUESTION # 130
What is the purpose of DHCP Option 43, and how is it used with WLANs?
- A. It provides IP address bindings for specific network nodes that require long-term IP address assignments. WLAN controllers are configured to use Option 43 to receive long-term IP address leases that are centrally managed with DHCP.
- B. It supports vendor-specific IP address attributes for node discovery purposes. APs use Option 43 with vendor class identifiers to obtain the IP address of a centralized WLAN controller.
- C. It provides clients with a temporary IP address on a restricted VLAN until 802.1X authentication is completed. Then the client receives its long-term IP address.
- D. It integrates a DHCP server with AAA servers and user databases to dynamically assign IP addresses to client devices. During 802.1X, the AAA server uses
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 131
If a 24-port switch has a PoE budget of 740 W, how many IEEE 802.3at devices can certainly be powered on by it?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 132
Why does a frame transmitted at 1 Mbps have a greater usable range than the same frame transmitted at 54 Mbps?
- A. To improve reliability, 802.11 STAs increase transmit power as the signaling rate decreases.
- B. Free space path loss causes greater signal dispersion for higher rate transmissions.
- C. Receiver sensitivity requirements are lower for frames transmitted with less complex modulation and coding.
- D. Lower data rate RF transmissions travel at higher speeds and are less likely to experience collisions.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Lower data rates, such as 1 Mbps, use simpler modulation schemes (e.g., BPSK) which are more robust against noise and require lower signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) for successful reception.This means that frames transmitted at lower data rates can be received over longer distances compared to higher data rates like 54 Mbps, which use more complex modulation schemes (e.g., 64-QAM) that require higher SNR and are more susceptible to signal degradation.
Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on ProtocolandSpectrum Analysis
NEW QUESTION # 133
What functions do the control plane of centralized and distributed WLAN architectures help solve? (Choose all that apply.)
- A. Mobility management
- B. Channel reuse plans
- C. Load balancing
- D. Transmit power
Answer: A,B,C,D
Explanation:
The control plane in WLAN architectures is responsible for managing and optimizing various network functions to ensure efficient and reliable wireless communication. Key functions include:
Channel Reuse Plans:Determining optimal channel assignments to minimize interference and maximize spectrum efficiency.
Mobility Management:Facilitating seamless client roaming between access points without service interruption.
Transmit Power:Adjusting the power levels of access points to ensure adequate coverage while reducing interference.
Load Balancing:Distributing client connections across multiple access points to prevent overloading and maintain performance.
These functions are critical in both centralized and distributed WLAN architectures to maintain optimal network performance and user experience.
Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on Infrastructure Design
NEW QUESTION # 134
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